Ken Sandhage B. Mifflin Hood Professor, Materials Science & Engrg. Office: 3100l MS&E Bldg. Phone: 404-894-6882 Fax: 404-894-9140 Research Group Website E-mail Ken Sandhage

B.S. Metallurgical Engineering, Purdue University; Ph.D. Ceramics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987

Research Interests

* Biological/biochemical processing of inorganic materials and micro/nano-structures
* Near net-shape reaction processing of ceramics and composites
* High-temperature oxidation and corrosion

Dr. Sandhage’s research focuses on novel reaction processing of advanced materials for electromagnetic, chemical, optical, sensor, refractory, and structural applications. This research has resulted in several patented processes for fabricating near net-shaped ceramics and composites at modest temperatures: the Bioclastic and Shape -preserving Inorganic Conversion or BaSIC method, U.S. Patent 7,067,104; the Displacive Compensation of Porosity or DCP method, U.S. Patent 6,407,022; the Volume Identical Metal Oxidation or VIMOX method, U.S. Patent 5,447,291. Sandhage and his students hold 25 patents. A major current initiative is biologically-enabled materials processing, including Genetically Engineered Materials and Micro/nanodevices (GEMs).

Dr. Sandhage and his students have received several distinctive honors, including: 5 best paper awards, such as the Purdy Award from the American Ceramic Society (1996); the Outstanding Materials Engineer Award from Purdue (1997); and the Lumley Research Award from Ohio State (1997, 2002). In 1999-2000, he was a Humboldt Fellow in the Advanced Ceramics Group at the Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg. He was the advisor to students Matt Dickerson and Ray Unocic, who were recipients of the 2002 National Collegiate Inventors Award. Dr. Sandhage is a Fellow of the American Ceramic Society, a member of the National Materials Advisory Board of the National Academies, and a member of the Materials Research Society, TMS, and the American Chemical Society. He has also been a technical consultant for a number of companies and law firms.

Representative Recent Publications

Z. Bao, M. R. Weatherspoon, Y. Cai, S. Shian, P. D. Graham, S. M. Allan, G. Ahmad, M. B. Dickerson, B. C. Church, Z. Kang, C. J. Summers, H. W. Abernathy, III, M. Liu, K. H. Sandhage, “Shape-preserving Reduction of Silica Micro-Assemblies into Microporous Silicon Replicas,” Nature, 446 [3] 172-175 (2007).

M. R. Weatherspoon, M. B. Dickerson, G. Wang, Y. Cai, S. Shian, S. C. Jones, S. R. Marder, K. H. Sandhage, “Thin, Conformal, and Continuous SnO2 Coatings on Hydroxyl-Amplified Biosilica (Diatom) Templates via Layer-by-Layer Alkoxide Deposition,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 46, 5724-5727 (2007).

Y. Cai, M. B. Dickerson, M. S. Haluska, Z. Kang, C. J. Summers, K. H. Sandhage, “Manganese-doped Zinc Orthosilicate-bearing Phosphor Microparticles with Controlled 3-D Shapes Derived from Diatom Frustules,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 90 [4] 1304-1308 (2007).

E. M. Ernst, B. C. Church, C. S. Gaddis, R. L. Snyder, K. H. Sandhage, “Enhanced Hydrothermal Conversion of Surfactant-modified Diatom Microshells into Barium Titanate Replicas,” J. Mater. Res., 22 [5] 1121-1127 (2007).

S.-J. Lee, S. Shian, Ch.-H. Huang, K. H. Sandhage, “Rapid, Non-photocatalytic Destruction of Organophosphorous Esters Induced by Nanostructured Titania -based Replicas of Diatom Microshells,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 90 [5] 1632-1636 (2007).

U. Kusari, Z. Bao, Y. Cai, G. Ahmad, K. H. Sandhage, L. G. Sneddon, “Formation of Nanostructured, Nanocrystalline Boron Nitride Microparticles with Diatom-Derived 3 -D Shapes,” Chem. Comm., [11] 1177-1179 (2007).

N. Kroger, M. B. Dickerson, G. Ahmad, Y. Cai, M. S. Haluska, K. H. Sandhage, N. Poulsen, V. C. Sheppard, “Bio-enabled Synthesis of Rutile (TiO2) at Ambient Temperature and Neutral pH,” Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 7239-7243 (2006).

A. W. Schill, C. S. Gaddis, W. Qian, M. A. El-Sayed Y. Cai, V. T. Milam, K. H. Sandhage, “Ultrafast Electronic Relaxation and Charge Carrier Localization in CdS/CdSe/CdS Quantum Dot Heterostructures,” Nano Lett., 6 [9] 1940-1949 (2006).

G. Ahmad, M. B. Dickerson, B. C. Church, Y. Cai, S. E. Jones, R. R. Naik, J. S. King, C. J. Summers, N. Kroger, K. H. Sandhage, “Rapid, Room-Temperature Formation of Crystalline Calcium Molybdate Phosphor Microparticles via Peptide-Induced Precipitation,” Adv. Mater., 18, 1759-1763 (2006).

E. Koep, C. Jin, M. Haluska, R. Das, R. Narayan, K. H. Sandhage, R. L. Snyder, M. Liu, “Microstructure and Electrochemical Properties of Cathode Materials for SOFCs Prepared via Pulsed Laser Deposition,” J. Power Sources, 161 [1] 250-255 (2006).

S. Yoo, H. Rick, K. H. Sandhage, S. A. Dregia, S. A. Akbar, “Kinetic Mechanism of TiO2 Nanocarving via Reaction with Hydrogen Gas,” J. Mater. Res., 21 [7] 1822-1829 (2006).

H. R. Luckarift, M. B. Dickerson, K. H. Sandhage, J. C. Spain, “Rapid, Room-Temperature Synthesis of Anti-bacterial Bio-nano-composites of Lysozyme with Amorphous Silica or Titania,” Small, 2 [5] 640-643 (2006). (Cover article)

M. R. Weatherspoon, M. S. Haluska, Y. Cai, J. S. King, C. J. Summers, R. L. Snyder, K. H. Sandhage, “Phosphor Microparticles of Controlled 3-D Shape from Phytoplankton,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 153 [2] H34-H37 (2006).

S. Shian, Y. Cai, M. R. Weatherspoon, S. M. Allan, K. H. Sandhage, “Three-Dimensional Assemblies of Zirconia Nanocrystals Via Shape-preserving Reactive Conversion of Diatom Microshells,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 89 [2] 694-698 (2006).

M. S. Haluska, I. Dragomir, K. H. Sandhage, and R. L. Snyder, “X-ray Diffraction Analyses of 3-D MgO-based Replicas of Diatom Microshells Synthesized by a Low -Temperature Gas/Solid Displacement Reaction,” Powder Diff., 20 [4] 306-310 (2005).

M. S. Haluska, R. L. Snyder, K. H. Sandhage, S. T. Misture, “A Closed, Heated Reaction Chamber Design for Dynamic High-Temperature X-ray Diffraction Analyses of Gas/Solid Displacement Reactions,” Rev. Sci. Instr., 76, 126101-1 - 126101-4 (2005).

Y. Cai, K. H. Sandhage, “Zn2SiO4-coated Microparticles with Biologically-controlled 3-D Shapes,” Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), 202 [10] R105-R107 (2005). (Cover article)

K. H. Sandhage, R. L. Snyder, G. Ahmad, S. M. Allan, Y. Cai, M. B. Dickerson, C. S. Gaddis, M. S. Haluska, S. Shian, M. R. Weatherspoon, R. A. Rapp, R. R. Unocic, F. M . Zalar, Y. Zhang, M. Hildebrand, B. P. Palenik, “Merging Biological Self-assembly with Synthetic Chemical Tailoring: The Potential for 3-D Genetically-Engineered Micro/nanodevices (3-D GEMS),” Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2 [4] 317-326 (2005).

Y. Cai, S. M. Allan, F. M. Zalar, K. H. Sandhage, “Three-dimensional Magnesia-based Nanocrystal Assemblies via Low-Temperature Magnesiothermic Reaction of Diatom Microshells,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 88 [7] 2005-2010 (2005).

M. R. Weatherspoon, S. M. Allan, E. Hunt, Y. Cai, K. H. Sandhage, “Sol-Gel Synthesis on Self-Replicating Single-Cell Scaffolds: Applying Complex Chemistries to Nature’s 3-D Nanostructured Templates,” Chem. Comm., [5] 651-653 (2005).

J. Zhao, C. S. Gaddis, Y. Cai, K. H. Sandhage, “Free-standing Microscale Structures of Zirconia Nanocrystals with Biologically Replicable 3-D Shapes,” J. Mater. Res., 20 [2] 282-287 (2005).

M. B. Dickerson, R. R. Naik, P. M. Sarosi, G. Agarwal, M. O. Stone, K. H. Sandhage, “Ceramic Nanoparticle Assemblies with Tailored Shapes and Tailored Chemistries via Biosculpting and Shape-preserving Inorganic Conversion,” J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 5 [1], 63-67 (2005).