Arthur J. Ragauskas Professor Office: IPST 578 Phone: 404-894-9701 Fax: 404-894-4778 E-mail Arthur J. Ragauskas More information on Biorefinery Center for Biomaterials Education and Research   Earth Day Biorefining Poster Session Website

B.Sc., 1980, University of Western Ontario; Ph.D., 1985, University of Western Ontario; Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Alberta, 1985-88; Postdoctoral Research Associate, University of Colorado, 1986-87; NRC Research Associate, 1987-89

Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Alternative Energy, 2008; Fellow, International Academy of Wood Science, 2003; TAPPI, 2004

Research Interests

Our research program focuses on green chemistry of biopolymers including: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Through the use of green chemistry, biotechnology, and cold plasma, our research group is looking at new ways to synthesis novel biomaterials, biocomposites, and biofuels from nature's renewable biopolymers. An exciting aspect of this research is the development new nano-cellulose and hemicellulose based materials. Such innovative research approaches allow researchers to synthesis new biomaterials that could be used for smart-polymers, controlled release, and enhanced barrier properties for health care, packaging, and security applications. Our research program is also renowned for our fundamental oxidative chemistry and structural elucidation of polysaccharides and lignin. Students involved in these studies utilize our state-of-the-art NMR and MS facilities.

An active field of research that presents vast opportunities is the use of cellulose to develop new biocomposites. An example of this, is the biocomposites being prepared from polysaccharides and polylactic acid, a unique product that exhibits far greater performance than either material alone. This research involves a great deal of physical chemistry at the surface of differing materials including surface grafting reactions, polymer chemistry, and surface analysis employing ESCA, AFM, and SEM.

Another area of carbohydrate research lies in the creation of biofuels, which are being developed through the depolymerization of biomass. The substitution of imported hydrocarbons with bio-based fuels and chemicals offers a tremendous opportunity to develop new renewable green chemistry processes that exhibit substantially improved environmental performance properties and net reductions in CO2 emissions. Currently, we are examining unique catalytic chemistries and biotechnologies (i.e., laccase, peroxidase, endoglucanase) in ionic liquids that will convert lignocellulosics into valuable biofuels. Student research is conducted in a multidisciplinary environment with several projects involving collaborative efforts with other groups on campus, nationally, and internationally. Dr. Art Ragauskas has supervised the graduate work of twenty Master's students and eighteen Doctoral students; of these several have received awards, including the American Chemical Society Graduate Student award.

Recent Publications

"Kraft Lignin-based Rigid Polyurethane Foam," Li., Y.; Ragauskas, A.J., J. of Wood Chemistry and Technology, 2012 32(3), 210-224.

"Organosolv Lignin-based Rigid Polyurethane Foam Reinforced with Cellulose Nanowhiskers," Li, Y.; Ragauskas, A.J., RSC Advances, 2012, 2(8), 3347-3351.

"Synthesis of a novel cellulose nanowhisker-based drug delivery system," Dash, R; Ragauskas, A.J., RSC Advances, 2012, 2(8), 3403-3409.

"Dilute H₂SO₄ and SO₂ Pretreatments of Loblolly Pine Wood Residue for Bioethanol Production,"  Huang, F.; Ragauskas, A.J., Industrial Biotechnology, 2012, 8(1), 22-30.

"Study on the modification of bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp using birch xylan,"  Han, W.; Zhao, C.; Elder, T.; Chen, K.; Yang, R.; Kim, D.; Pu, Y.; Hsieh, J.; Ragauskas, A. J., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012, 88(2), 719-725.

"Cellulose nanowhisker foams by freeze casting," Dash, R.; Li, Y.; Ragauskas, A.J., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012, 88(2), 789-792.

"Chemical characterization and water content determination of bio-oils obtained from various biomass species using 31P NMR spectroscopy," David, K.; Ben, H.; Muzzy, J.; Feik, C.; Iisa, K.; Ragauskas, A.J., Biofuels, 2012, 3(2), 123-128.

"Determination of cellulase colocalization on cellulose fiber with quantitative FRET measured by acceptor photobleaching and spectrally unmixing fluorescence microscopy," Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Ragauskas, A.J., Analyst, 2012, 137(6), 1319-1324.

"Bioconversion of Lignin Model Compounds with Oleaginous Rhodococci," , Kosa, M.; Ragauskas, A.J., Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2012, 93(2) 891-900.

"Biopolymer Nanocomposite Films Reinforced with Nanocellulose Whiskers," Saxena, A.; Foston, M.; Kassaee, M.; Elder, T.J.; Ragauskas. A.J., J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2012, 12, 218-226.

"Deuterium incorporation in biomass cell wall components by NMR analysis," Foston, Marcus B.; McGaughey, Joseph; O'Neill, Hugh; Evans, Barbara R.; Ragauskas, Arthur, Analyst, 2012, 137(5), 1090-1093. 

"Solid-State Selective 13C Excitation and Spin Diffusion NMR To Resolve Spatial Dimensions in Plant Cell Walls," Foston, Marcus; Katahira, Rui; Gjersing, Erica; Davis, Mark F.; Ragauskas, Arthur J., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012, 60(6), 1419-1427.

"Torrefaction of Loblolly Pine, Green Chemistry," Ben, H.; Ragauskas, A.J. Green, Chemistry, 2012, 14 (1), 72 - 76.

"Preparation of superabsorbent cellulosic hydrogels," Pan, S.; Ragauskas, A., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012, 87(2), 1410-1418.

"Characterization of Fermentation Residues from the Production of Bio-ethanol from Lignocellulosic Feedstocks," Sannigrahi, P.; Ragauskas, A.J., J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy, 2011, 5, 514-519.

"Characterization of Milled Wood Lignin (MWL) in Loblolly Pine Stem Wood, Residue, and Bark," Huang, F.; Singh, P.M.; Ragauskas, A.J., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(24), 12910-12916.

"Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HSQC-NMR) Fingerprint Analysis of Pyrolysis Oils," Ben, H.; Ragauskas, A. J., Energy & Fuels. 2011, 25(12), 5791-5801.

"Chemical, ultrastructural and supramolecular analysis of tension wood in Populus tremula x alba as a model substrate for reduced recalcitrance," Foston, M.; Hubbell, C.A.; Samuel, R.; Jung, S.; Fan, H.; Ding, S.Y.; Zeng, Y.; Jawdy, S.; Davis, M.; Sykes, Robert; Gjersing, E.; Tuskan,  G.A.; Kalluri, U.; Ragauskas, A.J., Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(12), 4962-4971.

"Preparation of superabsorbent cellulosic hydrogels," Pan, S.; Ragauskas, A. J., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012, 87(2), 1410-1418.

"Nano Materials and Composites Amino acid modified cellulose whiskers," Cateto, C.A.; Ragauskas, A., RSC Advances, 2011, 1(9), 1695-1697.

"Nanometrology of delignified Populus using mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy," Tetard L; Passian A; Farahi R H; Davison B H; Jung S; Ragauskas A J; Lereu A L; Thundat T., Nanotechnology, 2011, 22(46), 465702.

"Cellulose Isolation Methodology for NMR Analysis of Cellulose Ultrastructure," Foston, M.B.;  Hubbell, C.A.; Ragauskas, A.J., Materials (Carbohydrate Polymers Special Issue), 2011, 4(11), 1985-2002.

"Pyrolysis oils from CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin." Kosa, M.; Ben, H.; Theliander, H.; Ragauskas, A.J., Green Chemistry, 2011, 13(11), 3196-3202.

"Self-similar multiscale structure of lignin revealed by neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulation," Petridis, L.; Pingali, S. V.; Urban, V.; Heller, W.T.; O'Neil, H.M.; Foston, M.; Ragauskas, A.; Smith, J. C., Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 2011, 83(6), 061911-061914.  

"Biomass characterization of morphological portions of Alamo switchgrass," Hu, Z.; Foston, M. B.; Ragauskas, A.J., Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(14), 7765-7772.

"Pseudo-lignin and pretreatment chemistry," Sannigrahi, P.; Kim, D.H.; Jung, S.; Ragauskas, A., Energy Environ. Sci., 2011, 4, 1306-1310.

"Thermal gravimetric analysis of in-situ crosslinked nanocellulose whiskers - poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid)-polyethylene glycol,"   Goetz, L.A.; Mathew, A.P.; Oksman, K.; Ragauskas, A.J., Tappi Journal, 2011, 10(4), 29-33.

"Lipids from heterotrophic microbes: Advances in metabolism research," Kosa, M.; Ragauskas, A.J., Trends in Biotechnology, 2011, 29(2), 53-61. 

"Preparation of microwave-assisted polymer-grafted softwood kraft pulp fibers. Enhanced water absorbency,"  Goetz, L.A.; Sladky, J.R.; Ragauskas, A.J., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011, 119 (1), 387–395.

"Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HSQC-NMR) Fingerprint Analysis of Pyrolysis Oils," Ben, H.; Ragauskas, A. J., Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(12), 5791-5801.

"Chemical, ultrastructural and supramolecular analysis of tension wood in Populus tremula x alba as a model substrate for reduced recalcitrance," Foston, M.; Hubbell, C.A.; Samuel, R.; Jung, S.; Fan, H.; Ding, S.Y.; Zeng, Y.; Jawdy, S.; Davis, M.; Sykes, Robert; Gjersing, E.; Tuskan,  G.A.; Kalluri, U.; Ragauskas, A.J., Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(12), 4962-4971.

"Amino acid modified cellulose whiskers," Cateto, C.A.; Ragauskas, A., RSC Advances, 2011, 1(9), 1695-1697.

"Cellulose Isolation Methodology for NMR Analysis of Cellulose Ultrastructure," Foston, M.B.;  Hubbell, C.A.; Ragauskas, A.J., Materials (Carbohydrate Polymers Special Issue), 2011, 4(11), 1985-2002.

"Nanometrology of delignified Populus using mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy," Tetard L; Passian A; Farahi R H; Davison B H; Jung S; Ragauskas A J; Lereu A L; Thundat T., Nanotechnology, 2011, 22(46), 465702.

"Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin with Additives," Ben, H.; Ragauskas, A.J., Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(10), 4662-4668.

"Structural Changes In Switchgrass Lignin And Hemicelluloses During Pretreatments By NMR Analysis," Samuel, R.; Ragauskas, A.J., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2011, 96, 2002-2009

"Application of quantitative (31)P NMR in biomass lignin and biofuel precursors characterization," Pu Y.; Cao S.; Ragauskas A.J., Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(9), 3154-316.

"Rigid Polyurethane Foam/Cellulose Whisker Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization, and Properties,"  Li,Y.; Ren,H.; Ragauskas, A.J.J., Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2011, 11, 6904-6911.

"Challenges of the utilization of wood polymers: how can they be overcome?" Pu, Y.; Kosa, M.; Kalluri, U.C.; Tuskan, G.A.; Ragauskas, A.J., From Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2011, 91(6), 1525-1536.

"HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) 13C-1H correlation spectra of whole biomass in perdeuterated pyridinium chloride-DMSO system: An effective tool for evaluating pretreatment," Samuel, R.; Foston, M.; Jaing, N.; Cao, S.; Allison, L.; Studer, M.; Wyman, C.; Ragauskas, A.J., Fuel, 2011, 90(9), 2836-28.

"Comparative studies on hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of leaves and internodes of Alamo switchgrass," Hu, Z.; Foston, M.; Ragauskas, A.J., Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(14), 7224-7228.

"Enzymatic hydrolysis of organosolv Kanlow switchgrass and its impact on cellulose crystallinity and degree of polymerization," Cateto, C.; Hu, G.; Ragauskas, A., Energy & Environmental Science, 2011, 4(4), 1516-1521.

"NMR Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils from Kraft Lignin," Ben, H.; Ragauskas, A.J., Energy & Fuels, 2011, 25(5), 2322-2332.

"Comparison of microwaves to fluidized sand baths for heating tubular reactors for hydrothermal and dilute acid batch pretreatment of corn stover," Shi, J.; Pu, Y.; Yang, B.; Ragauskas, A.; Wyman, C.E., Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(10), 5952-5961.

"Preparation of Starch-Fatty Acid Modified Clay and Its Application in Packaging Papers," Cao, S; Song, D.; Deng, Y.; Ragauskas, A.,  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50(9), 5628-5633.

"Hydrothermal pretreatment of switchgrass," Hu, Z.; Ragauskas, A.J.  Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50(8), 4225-4230.

"Moisture barrier properties of xylan composite films," Saxena, A.; Elder, T.J.; Ragauskas, A.J.,  Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011, 84(4), 1371-1377.

" Wet strength development in sisal cellulose fibers by effect of a laccase-TEMPO treatment," Aracri, Elisabetta; Vidal, Teresa; Ragauskas, Arthur J., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011,  84(4),  1384-1390.

"Genetic manipulation of lignin reduces recalcitrance and improves ethanol production from switchgrass," Fu, C.; Mielenz, J.R.; Xiao, X.; Ge, Y.; Hamilton, C.Y.; Rodriguez, Jr., M.; Chen, F.; Foston, M.; Ragauskas, A.; Bouton, O.; Dixon, R.A.; Wang, Z.Y., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011,  108(9),  3803-3808.

"Analyzing cellulose degree of polymerization and its relevancy to cellulosic ethanol," Hallac, B.B.; Ragauskas, A.J., Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, 2011, 5(2),  215-225.

"Increase in 4-Coumaryl Alcohol Units during Lignification in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Alters the Extractability and Molecular Weight of Lignin," Ziebell, A.; Gracom, K.; Katahira, R.; Chen, F.; Pu, Y.; Ragauskas, A.; Dixon, R.A.; Davis, M., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2010, 285(50), 38961-38968.

"Charging Cellulose Spheres: Synthesis of 2,3-Disulfonated Cellulose in Bead Form," Dash, R.; Ragauskas, A.J., J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy, 2010, 4, 440-445.

"Preparation of microwave-assisted polymer-grafted softwood kraft pulp fibers. Enhanced water absorbency," Goetz, L.A.; Sladky, J.R.; Ragauskas, A.J., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011, 119 (1), 387–395.

"Direct analysis of cellulose in poplar stem by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry," Seokwon J.; Yanfeng C.; Cameron, S.M.; Ragauskas, A.J., Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 2010, 24(10), 3230–3236.

"Changes in lignocellulosic supramolecular and ultrastructure during dilute acid pretreatment of Populus and switchgrass," Foston, Marcus; Ragauskas, Art J., Biomass and Bioenergy, 2010, 34(12),  1885-1895.

"SANS study of cellulose extracted from switchgrass," Pingali, S.V.; Urban, V.S.; Heller, W.T.; McGaughey, J.; O'Neill, H.M.; Foston, M.; Myles, D.A.; Ragauskas, A.J.; Evans, B.R., Acta Crystallographica, Section D: Biological Crystallography, 2010,  D66(11),  1189-1193.

"Correlation between anatomical characteristics of ethanol organosolv pretreated Buddleja davidii and its enzymatic conversion to glucose," Hallac, B.B.; Ray, M.; Murphy, R.J.; Ragauskas, A.J.,  Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2010, 107(5), 795-801. 

"Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid)-Polyethylene Glycol Nanocomposites Cross-Linked In Situ with Cellulose Nanowhiskers,"  Goetz, L.; Foston, M.; Mathew, A. P.; Oksman, K.; Ragauskas, A.J., Biomacromolecules, 2010, 11(10), 2660-2666.

"Breakdown of Cell Wall Nanostructure in Dilute Acid Pretreated Biomass,"   Pingali, S.V.; Urban, V.S.; Heller, W.T.; McGaughey, J.; O'Neill, H.; Foston, M.; Myles, D.A.; Ragauskas, A.; Evans, B.R., Biomacromolecules, 2010, 11(9),  2329-2335.

"A novel FRET approach for in situ investigation of cellulase-cellulose interaction,"  Wang, L.; Wang, Y.; Ragauskas, Arthur J.,  Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2010, 398(3),  1257-1262.

"Switchgrass as an energy crop for biofuel production: A review of its ligno-cellulosic chemical properties," Kasi D.; Ragauskas, A.J., Energy Environ. Sci., 2010, 3, 1182-1190.

"Dilute sulphuric acid and ethanol organosolv pretreatment of Miscanthus x Giganteus,” Brosse, Nicolas; El Hage, Roland; Sannigrahi, Poulomi; Ragauskas, Arthur, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 2010, 44(1-3),  71-78.

"Atomic force microscopy characterization of switchgrass," Lee, I.; Evans, B. R.; Foston, M.; Ragauskas, A., Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2010,  16(Suppl. 2),  1040-1041.

"Ultrasound-promoted synthesis of nitriles from aldoximes under ambient conditions," Jiang, Nan; Ragauskas, Arthur J., Tetrahedron Letters, 2010, 51(34), 4479-4481.

"Effect of acid-chlorite delignification on cellulose degree of polymerization," Hubbell, C.A.; Ragauskas, A.J., Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(19), 7410-7415.

"Rigid polyurethane foam reinforced with cellulose whiskers: Synthesis and characterization," Li, Y.; Ren, H.; Ragauskas, A.J. Nano-Micro Lett., 2010, 2, 89-94.

"Structural characterization and comparison of switchgrass ball-milled lignin before and after dilute acid pretreatment,"  Samuel, R.; Pu, Y.; Raman, B.; Ragauskas, A.J.,   Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2010, 162(1),  62-74.

“Effects of organosolv pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis on cellulose structure and crystallinity in Loblolly pine,”  Sannigrahi, P.; Miller, S.J.; Ragauskas, A.J. Carbohydrate Research, 2010,  345(7),  965-970.

"Poplar as a feedstock for biofuels: A review of compositional characteristics,"   Sannigrahi, P.; Ragauskas, A.J.; Tuskan, G.A.  Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, 2010, 4(2),  209-226.

"Rapid Quantitative Analytical Tool for Characterizing the Preparation of Biodiesel,"  Nagy, M.; Foston, M.; Ragauskas, A.J., Journal of Physical Chemistry A., 2010, 114(11),  3883-3887.

"Surface Characterization of Dilute Acid Pretreated Populus deltoides by ToF-SIMS,"  Jung, S.; Foston, M.; Sullards, M. C.; Ragauskas, A.J., Energy & Fuels, 2010,  24(2),  1347-1357.

"Effect of Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Buddleja davidii Stem Biomass," Hallac, B.B.; Sannigrahi, P.; Pu, Y.; Ray, M.; Murphy, R.J.; Ragauskas, A.J., Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010, 49(4),  1467-1472.

"Solid-state NMR characterization of switchgrass cellulose after dilute acid pretreatment," Pu, Y.; Foston, M.; Ragauskas, A.J, Biofuels, 2010, 1, 85-90.

"Chemical profiles of switchgrass," Hu, Z.; Sykes, R.; Davis, M.F.; Brummer, M.E; Ragauskas, A.J., Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(9), 3253-3257.

"Solid-state NMR characterization of switchgrass cellulose after dilute acid pretreatment," Pu, Y.; Foston, M.; Ragauskas, A.J., Biofuels, 2010, 1, 85-90.

"Characterization of CO2 precipitated Kraft lignin to promote its utilization,"   Nagy, M.; Kosa, M.; Theliander, H.; Ragauskas, A.J., Green Chemistry, 2010, 12(1), 31-34.

"Chemical compositions of four switchgrass populations," Yan, J.; Hu, Z; Pu, Y.; Charles, B.E.; Ragauskas, A.J., Biomass and Bioenergy, 2010, 34(1), 48-53.

"Synthesis of novel water-soluble sulfonated cellulose," Rajalaxmi, d.; Jiang, N.; Gelbaum, L.; Ragauskas, A.J., Carbohydrate Research, 2010, 345(2), 284-290.

"Perdeuterated pyridinium molten salt (ionic liquid) for direct dissolution and NMR analysis of plant cell walls,"  Jiang, N.; Pu, Y.; Samuel, R.; Ragauskas, A.J., Green Chemistry, 2009, 11(11), 1762-1766.

"NMR Characterization of C3H and HCT Down-regulated Alfalfa Lignin for Improved Fermentable Sugar Yields,” Pu, Y.; Chen, F.; Ziebell, A.; Davison, B.; Ragauskas, A.J.,  BioEnergy Research, 2009, 2, 198–208.

"Variations in Cellulosic Ultrastructure of Poplar," Foston, M.;  Hubbell, C.A.; Davis, M.; Ragauskas, A.J. BioEnergy Research, 2009, 2, 193–197.

"Novel nanocellulosic xylan composite film," Saxena, A.; Elder, T.; Shaobo, P.; Ragauskas, A.J., Composites Part B: Engineering, 2009, 40(8), 727-730.

"Characterization of milled wood lignin and ethanol organosolv lignin from miscanthus," El Hage, R.; Brosse, N.; Chrusciel, L.; Sanchez, C.; Sannigrahi, P.; Ragauskas, A.J., Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2009, 94(10), 1632-1638.

"Pretreatment of Miscanthus x giganteus Using the Ethanol Organosolv Process for Ethanol Production," Brosse, N.; Sannigrahi, P.; Ragauskas, A. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009, 48(18), 8328-8334

"Analysis of microwave vs. thermally assisted grafting of poly(methyl-vinyl ether co-maleic acid)-polyethylene glycol to birch kraft pulp," Goetz, L.A.; Sladky, J.P.; Ragauskas, A.J., Holzforschung, 2009, 63(4), 414–417.

"Catalytic hydrogenolysis of ethanol organosolv lignin," Máté Nagy, Kasi David, George J. P. Britovsek, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Holzforschung, 2009, 63, 513-520.

"Water transmission barrier properties of biodegradable films based on cellulosic whiskers and xylan," Amit Saxena, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Carbohydrate Polym., 2009, 78, 357-360.

"Synthetic applications of laccase in green chemistry," Witayakran, S.; Ragauskas, A.J., Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis (2009), 351(9), 1187-1209.

"Cross-Polarization/Magic Angle Spinning (CP/MAS) 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Analysis of Chars from Alkaline-Treated Pyrolyzed Softwood,"  David, Kasi; Pu, Yunqiao; Foston, Marcus; Muzzy, John; Ragauskas, Arthur, Energy & Fuels  (2009),  23(1),  498-501.

"Phosphitylation and quantitative 31P NMR analysis of partially substituted biodiesel glycerols," M. Nagy, B. J. Kerr, C. J. Ziemer, A. Ragauskas, Fuel, 2009, 88(9), 1793-1797.

"A novel nanocomposite film prepared from crosslinked cellulosic whiskers," L. Goetz, A. Mathew, K. Oksman, P. Gatenholm, A. J. Ragauskas, Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009, 75(1), 85-89.

"Quantitative NMR analysis of partially substituted biodiesel glycerols," M. Nagy, T. L. Alleman, T. Dyer, A. J. Ragauskas, J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy, 2009, 3(1), 108-111.

"Analytical pyrolysis study of biodelignification of cloned eucalyptus globulus (EG) clone and Pinus pinaster Aiton kraft pulp and residual lignins," A. Oudia, E. Meszaros, E. Jakab, R. Simoes, J. Queiroz, A. Ragauskas, L. Novak, J. Analyt. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2009, 85(1-2), 19-29.

"Biomass characterization of buddleja davidii: A potential feedstock for biofuel production, B. B. Hallac, P. Sannigrahi, Y. Pu, M. Ray, R. J. Murphy, A. J. Ragauskas, J. Agricultural & Food Chemistry, 2009, 57(4), 1275-1281.

"Modification of high-lignin softwood kraft pulp with laccase and amino acids," Suteera Witayakran, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2009, 44, 176-181.

"Cocatalytic enzyme system for the Michael addition reaction of in-situ-generated ortho-quinones," Suteera Witayakran and Arthur J. Ragauskas, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2009, 358-363.

"Cellulase kinetics as a function of cellulose pretreatment," Andreas S. Bommarius, Adrian Katona, Sean E. Cheben, Arpit S. Patel, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Kristina Knudson, Yunqiao Pu, Metabolic Engineering, 2008, 10, 370-381.

"Copper-catalyzed highly efficient aerobic oxidation of alcohols under ambient conditions," Nan Jiang, Arthur J. Ragauskas, ChemSusChem, 2008, 1, 823-825.

"Effects of Two-State Dilute Acid Pretreatement on the Structure and Composition of Lignin and Cellulose in Loblolly Pine. Sannigrahi, P.; Ragauskas, A.J.; Miller. S.J., BioEnergy Research, 2008, 1:205–214.

"A novel nanocomposite film prepared from crosslinked cellulosic whiskers," Lee Goetz, Aji Mathew, Kristiina Oksman, Paul Gatenholm, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Carbohydrate Polym., 2008, 75, 85-89.

"Oxidation a nd sulfonation of cellulosics," Jianguo Zhang, Nan Jiang, Zheng Dang, Thomas J. Elder, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Cellulose, 2008, 15, 489-496.

"Production of ethanol from carbohydrates from loblolly pine: A technical and economic assessment," W. J. Frederick Jr., S. J. Lien, C. E. Courchene, N. A. DeMartini, A. J. Ragauskas, K. Iisa, Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99, 5051-5057.

"Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of spruce by alkaline pretreatment at low temperature," Yulin Zhao, Ying Wang, J. Y. Zhu, Art Ragauskas, Yulin Deng, Biotech. Bioengrg., 2008, 99, 1320-1328.

"Methods and compositions for papermaking," Deng, Yulin; Yoon, Se Young; Ragauskas, Arthur; White, David. U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2008), CODEN: USXXCO US 2008087396 A1 20080417 AN 2008:472832

"The new forestry biofuels sector," Pu, Y.; Zhang, D.; Singh, P.; Ragauskas, A.J., Biofuels, Bioproducts & Biorefining, 2008, 2, 58-73.

"Cascade synthesis of benzofuran derivatives via laccase oxidation-Michael addition," Suteera Witayakran, Leslie Gelbaum, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Tetrahedron, 2007, 63, 10958-10962.

"Selective aerobic oxidation of activates alcohols into acids or aldehydes in ionic liquids," Nan Jiang, Arthur J. Ragauskas, J. Org. Chem., 2007, 72, 7030-7033.

"Polymer clay self-assembly complexes on paper," Runqing Ou, Jianguo Zhang, Yulin Deng, Arthur J. Ragauskas, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007, 102, DOI: 10.1002/app.

"Imaging celulose fibre interfaces with fluorescence microscopy and resonance energy transfer," Cameron I. Thomson, Robert M. Lowe, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Carbohydrate Polym., 2007, 69, 799-804.

"One-pot synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinones and related structures with laccase," Suteera Witayakran, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Green Chemistry, 2007, 9, 475-480.

"Effect of photolysis on 17th/18th century paper," Kristina Knutson, Yunqiao Pu, Thomas Elder, Gisela B. Buschle-Diller, Rallming Yang, Cameron Thomson, Dong Ho Kim, Zheng
Dang, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Holzforschung, 2007, 61, 131–137, DOI 10.1515/HF.2007.024.

"Laccase-generated quinones in naphthoquinone synthesis via Diels-Alder reaction," Witayakran, S.; Zettili, A.; Ragauskas, A.J. Tetrahedron Letters, 2007, 48(17), 2983-2987.

"Facile synthesis of spherical cellulose nanoparticles," Zhang, Jianguo; Elder, Thomas J.; Pu, Yunqiao; Ragauskas, Arthur J., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2007, 69(3), 607-611.

"Laccase-generated quinones in naphthoquinone synthesis via Diels-Alder reaction," Witayakran, S.; Zettili, A.; Ragauskas, A.J. Tetrahedron Letters, 2007, 48(17), 2983-2987.

"Lignocellulosic fiber charge enhancement by catalytic oxidation during oxygen delignification,". Zhang, D.; Chai, X.-S.; Pu, Y.; Ragauskas, A.J. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007, 306(2), 248-254.

"Vanadium-catalyzed selective aerobic alcohol oxidation in ionic liquid [bmim]PF₆," Nan, J.; Ragauskas, A.J. Tetrahedron Letters, 2007, 48, 273 - 276.

"Measuring the efficiency of biomass energy reply," Davison, Brian H.; Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Templer, Richard; Tschaplinski, Timothy J.; Melenz, Jonathan R. Science, 2006, 312(5781), 1744.

"Copper(II)-Catalyzed Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols under Mild Conditions," Jiang, N.; Ragauskas, A.J., Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2006, 71(18), 7087-7090.

"Study of thioglycosylation in ionic liquids," Zhang, J.; Ragauskas, A. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2006, 2(12) (27Jun 2006).

"Environmentally friendly synthesis of biaryls: Suzuki reaction of aryl bromides in water at low catalyst loading," Jiang, N.; Ragauskas, A. J., Tetrahedron Letters, 2006, 197-200.

"CP/MAS 13C NMR analysis of cellulase treated bleached softwood kraft pulp," Pu, Yunqiao; Ziemer, Cherie; Ragauskas, A.J., Carbohydrate Research, 2006, 341(5), 591-597.

"Surface modification of cellulosic fibers using dielectric-barrier discharge," Vander Wielen, L.C.; Ostenson, M.; Gatenholm, P.; Ragauskas, A.J., Carbohydrate Polymers, 2006, 65, 179-184.

"From wood to fuels: Integrating biofuels and pulp production," Ragauskas, A.J., Nagy, M.; Kim, D.H.; Eckert, C.A.; Liotta, C.L., Industrial Biotechnology, 2006, 2(1), 55-65.

"Influence of kraft pulping on carboxylate content of coftwood kraft pulps," Dang, Z.J.; Elder, T.; Ragauskas, A. J., Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2006, 45(13), 4509-4516.

"Characterization of lignocellulosic-polylactic acid reinforced composites," Hou, Q., Chai, R.; Yang, R.; Elder, T.; Ragauskas, A.J., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2006, 99, 1346-1349.

"The path forward for biofuels and biomaterials," Ragauskas, Arthur J.; Williams, Charlotte K.; Davison, Brian H.; Britovsek, George; Cairney, John; Eckert, Charles A.; Frederick, William J., Jr.; Hallett, Jason P.; Leak, David J.; Liotta, Charles L.; Mielenz, Jonathan R.; Murphy, Richard; Templer, Richard; Tschaplinski, Timothy. Science, 2006, 311(5760), 484-489. Abstract, Full Text

"Synthesis of benzylidenated hexopyranosides in ionic liquids," Zhang, J.; Ragauskas, A.J., Carb. Res., 2005, 340, 2812-2815.

"Mechanism of dielectric-barrier discharge initiated wet-strength development," Vander Wielen, L. C.; Ostenson, M.; Gatenholm, P.; Ragauskas, A. J., Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2005, 98(5), 2219-2225.

"Enzymatic biobleaching of two recalcitrant paper dyes with horseradish and soybean peroxidase," Knutson, Kristina; Kirzan, Sylva; Ragauskas, Arthur, Biotechnology Letters, 2005, 27(11), 753-758.

"Copper(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes in ionic liquid [bmpy]PF6," Jiang, Nan; Ragauskas, Arthur J., Organic Letters, 2005, 7(17), 3689-3692.

"TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of benzylic alcohols to aldehydes with the H₂O₂/HBr/ionic liquid [bmim]PF6 system," J. Nan, A. J. Ragauskas, Tetrahedron Letts., 2005, 46(19), 3323-3326.

"Analysis of the topochemical effects of dielectric-barrier discharge on cellulosic fibers," Lorraine C. Vander Wielen, Thomas Elder, Arthur J. Ragauskas, Cellulose, 2005, 12(2), 185-196.

"Investigation of the Photo-oxidative Chemistry of Acetylated Softwood Lignin," Y. Pu, A. J. Ragauskas, J. Photochem. Photobio. A: Chemistry, 2004, 163/1-2, 215.

"Biobleaching Chemistry of Laccase-mediator Systems on High Lignin Content Kraft Pulps," F. S. Chakar, A. J. Ragauskas, Canadian J. Chem., 2004, 82, 3.

"Grafting of Acrylamide onto Lignocellulosic Fibers via Dielectric-barrier Discharge," L. Vander Wielen, A. J. Ragauskas, Eur. Polym. J.., 2004, 40(3), 477.

"Modification of High Lignin Content Kraft Pulps with Laccase to Improve Paper Strength Properties. 1. Laccase Treatment in the Presence of Gallic Acid," R. P. Chandra, L. K. Lehtonen, A. J. Ragauskas, Biotech. Progr., 2004, 20(1), 255.

"Fundamentals of Photobleaching Lignin. Part 1: Photobehaviors of Acetylated Softwood BCTMP Lignin," Y. Pu, L. Anderson, L. Lucia, L., A. J. Ragauskas, J. Pulp Paper Sci., 2003, 29(12), 401.

"Oxygen Delignification Chemistry and Its Impact on Pulp Fibers," R. Yang, L. Lucia, A. Ragauskas, H. Jameel, J. Wood Chem. Technol., 2003, 23(1), 13.

"Comparative Evaluation of Oxygen Delignification Processess for Low- and High-Lignin-Content Softwood Kraft Pulps." L. Lucia, A. J. Ragauskas, F. Chakar, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2002, 41, 5171.

"Oxygen Degradation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Hardwood Kraft Lignin," R. Yang, L. Lucia, A. Ragauskas, H. Jameel, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2002, 41(24), 5941-5948.

"Evaluating Laccase-Facilitated Coupling of Phenolic Acids to High-Yield Kraft Pulps," R. P. Chandra, A. J. Ragauskas, Enzyme Microbial Techn., 2002, 30(7), 855-861.

"Delving into the Fundamental LMS Delignification of High-Kappa Pulps," R. P. Chandra, F. S. Chakar, A. Allison, D. H. Kim, A. J. Ragauskas, T. J. Elder, Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry, 2002, 151-164.

"Enzymatic Modification of Kraft Lignin Through Oxidative Coupling with Water-Soluble Phenols," M. Lund, A. J. Ragauskas, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2001, 55, 699.